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What Is The Leading Cause Of Type 2 Diabetes


Type 2 Diabetes Prevention

What Causes Type 2 Diabetes? 4 Diabetic Diet Tips

Adopting a healthy lifestyle can help you lower your risk of diabetes.

  • Lose weight. Dropping just 7% to 10% of your weight can cut your risk of type 2 diabetes in half.
  • Get active. Thirty minutes of brisk walking a day will cut your risk by almost a third.
  • Eat right. Avoid highly processed carbs, sugary drinks, and trans and saturated fats. Limit red and processed meats.
  • Quit smoking. Work with your doctor to keep from gaining weight after you quit, so you don’t create one problem by solving another.

What Are The Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes

As not all symptoms are easy to recognize, knowing the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes is important. If you have any of the following risk factors, consult a doctor and get your blood sugar levels tested. Early detection can prevent future health complications.

The risk factors include:

Being overweight or living with obesity

If your body mass index is between 25.0 and 29.9, you are considered overweight, while a 30.0 and above BMI indicates obesity.


Large waistline

According to the National Library of Medicine,¹ measuring the circumference of your waist will help assess the levels of visceral fat . If your waist circumference has high-fat levels, you are at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes.

Age

You are at risk if you are caucasian and are older than 40 years of age. The rate of type 2 diabetes increases with age because of insulin resistance. Factors contributing to insulin resistance include reduced physical activities, increased weight, and sarcopenia .

In addition, if you are of African-Caribbean, Black African, or South Asian descent aged 25 years or older, you are at a high risk of type 2 diabetes. This is because your body has become insulin-resistant from a younger age, primarily attributed to a poor diet, contributing to an accumulation of high amounts of visceral fat.

Ethnicity

Family history

Medical history

Mental health conditions

Sedentary lifestyle

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Insulin Secretion: Physiological And Dysfunctional Mechanisms Leading To T2dm

4.1.1. -Cell Physiology

To safeguard proper -cell function, cellular integrity must be ensured and the mechanisms and pathways implicated in the physiology of -cell must be tightly regulated .

-cells are responsible for insulin production, which is synthesized as pre-proinsulin. In the maturation process, pre-proinsulin undergoes a conformational modification carried out with the help of several proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum to yield proinsulin . Afterwards, proinsulin is translocated from the ER to the Golgi apparatus , entering into immature secretory vesicles and being cleaved into C-peptide and insulin .


Additionally, Ca2+ signals can be amplified by the RY receptors and may play important roles in stimulus- insulin secretion coupling by virtue of their strategic locations within the cell and their ability to mediate Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release . RYR amplifies Ca2+ signals when the channel is sensitized by messenger molecules generated from the nutrient metabolism or ligand-binding and are involved in the amplification of insulin secretion .

4.1.2. Mechanisms Leading to -Cell Dysfunction

4.1.3. Pathological Conditions Perpetuating T2DM

Nutritional Factors
Physical Activity
Gut Dysbiosis
Metabolic Memory
Mitochondrial Dysfunction

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Ethnicity And Family History/genetic Predisposition

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Globally, the incidence and prevalence of T2DM are found to vary widely depending on ethnicity and geographical region with Japanese, Hispanics and Native Americans having the highest risks . It has been shown higher incidence rates in Asians compared with a White American population , and white population in the UK, , where the highest risk is among the black population . Whilst no clear reasons have been found, contributing factors such as modern lifestyle factors , socioeconomic and direct genetic propensity or gene environmental interactions have been postulated.


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How To Test Your Blood Sugar At Home

energy, a process that creates chemicals called ketones, which make the blood more acidic.

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The food we consume What Is The Leading Cause Of Type 2 Diabetes contains various nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.


Your doctor will High Blood Sugar Symptoms test your blood sugar every 3 months with an A1C test.

This hormone works to decrease the body s glucagon levels, which then decreases glucose production in the What Is The Leading Cause Of Type 2 Diabetes liver and slows the rate that food empties out of the stomach.

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What Are The Symptoms Of Type 2 Diabetes

Symptoms of Type 2 diabetes tend to develop slowly over time. They can include:


Rarely, Type 2 diabetes leads to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis . DKA is a life-threatening condition that causes your blood to become acidic. People with Type 1 diabetes are more likely to have DKA.

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Managing Type 2 Diabetes

Managing type 2 diabetes requires teamwork. Youll need to work closely with your doctor, but a lot of the results depend on your choices.

Your doctor may want to perform periodic blood tests to determine your blood glucose levels. This will help determine how well youre managing the condition. If you take medication, these tests will help gauge how well its working.

Your doctor may also recommend a home monitoring system to test your own blood glucose levels between visits. Theyll explain to you how often you should use it and what your target range should be.


Because diabetes can increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, your doctor may want to monitor your blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. If you have symptoms of heart disease, you may need additional tests. These tests may include an electrocardiogram or a cardiac stress test.

It may also be helpful to bring your family into the loop. Educating them about the warning signs of blood glucose levels that are too high or too low will allow them to help in an emergency.

Obesity A Major But Hardly The Only Reason Behind Rise In Type 2 Diabetes

How do you get type 2 diabetes? Causes and symptoms

More people than ever before have diabetes. And thats not just because there are more people than ever before.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 1988 approximately 2.5 percent of American adults had diagnosed diabetes. Today that figure is over 7 percent, which represents approximately 23 million men and women. Add the 7 million adults with undiagnosed cases and the number of people with diabetes in this country approaches 10 percent of the total population.

Diabetes is a major public health threat, not just in our country but globally, said Alain Bertoni, M.D., professor and chair of epidemiology and prevention in the Division of Public Health Sciences at Wake Forest School of Medicine. Its a chronic, long-term disease with complications that cause a lot of serious problems and require a lot of resources.


Diabetes occurs when blood glucose levels are too high because the body cannot produce insulin or properly use it to process sugars from food. Type 2, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is by far the most common, representing about 90 percent of all cases.

Diabetes is debilitating in its own right but if left untreated it can lead to many severe conditions, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, high blood pressure, blindness and the loss of toes, feet and legs. It is also the seventh-leading cause of death in the United States.

So why is type 2 diabetes more common than ever before?

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What Is The Connection Between Processed And Industrialized Foods And Type 2 Diabetes

Industrialized and processed food has many side effects not fully known to the public.

  • Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
  • Highly toxic to the body, causing severe inflammations throughout the body.
  • Processed foods make us gain weight much faster than the same equal calories of natural foods.
  • It causes a heavy load on the liver & kidneys.
  • Processed food is unsuitable for tissue regeneration, affecting health and even older than usual appearance.

A brief explanation of how industrialized and processed foods cause type 2 diabetes.


  • Processed and industrialized food is not suitable for tissue regeneration but only provides available energy. The pancreas secretes the insulin hormone to utilize energy production in the cells at much higher levels than desired. Over time this phenomenon causes insulin resistance and can eventually create type 2 diabetes.

The link between processed & industrialized foods and diabetes is unclear to the general public.

  • There is a close relationship between processed and industrialized food intake and rapid obesity.
  • Processed and industrialized foods, hydrogenated fats, low-calorie beverages, and soft drinks containing non-natural sweeteners harm the body far more than natural sugar in fruits and vegetables.
  • Surprisingly? – Processed foods make us gain weight much faster than the same equal calories of natural foods.

Type 2 diabetes is prevalent among lower socioeconomic classes.

Foods And Beverages To Limit

If youve been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, or even if youre trying to avoid diabetes and manage your weight, there are certain foods and beverages that you should limit if possible. These include:

While no one food, enjoyed every so often, should knock you off your healthy path, its a good idea to talk with your doctor about dietary restrictions based on your blood sugar levels. Some people may need to monitor their glucose more carefully than others after eating these foods.

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Being Overweight Or Obese

You’re more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you’re overweight or obese with a body mass index of 30 or more.

Fat around your tummy particularly increases your risk. This is because it releases chemicals that can upset the body’s cardiovascular and metabolic systems.

This increases your risk of developing a number of serious conditions, including coronary heart disease, stroke and some types of cancer.

Measuring your waist is a quick way of assessing your diabetes risk. This is a measure of abdominal obesity, which is a particularly high-risk form of obesity.

Women have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes if their waist measures 80cm or more.


Asian men with a waist size of 89cm or more have a higher risk, as do white or black men with a waist size of 94cm or more.

Exercising regularly and reducing your body weight by about 5% could reduce your risk of getting diabetes by more than 50%.

Read about measuring your waist size

Healthy Eating For Type 2 Diabetes

5 Major Symptoms of Diabetes You Canât Afford To Ignore

A dietitian or your doctor will be able to advise you on what to eat to meet your nutritional needs and control your blood sugar. Your doctor should be able to refer you to a registered dietitian for personalised advice.

Eating healthy foods with a low glycaemic index can help to optimise your blood sugar levels. This includes wholegrain breads, minimally processed breakfast cereals like rolled or steel cut oats, legumes, fruit, pasta and dairy products.


Avoid high-carbohydrate, low-nutrient foods such as cakes, lollies and soft drinks, and eat a diet low in saturated fat.

You should eat at regular times of the day and may also need snacks. Try to match the amount of food you eat with the amount of activity you do, so that you dont put on weight.

If you are overweight or obese, losing even 5-10 per cent of your body weight can significantly improve blood sugar control.

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About Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes is usually a lifelong condition that causes a person’s blood glucose level to become too high.

The hormone insulin produced by the pancreas is responsible for controlling the amount of glucose in the blood

There are two main types of diabetes:

  • type 1 where the pancreas doesn’t produce any insulin
  • type 2 where the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or the body’s cells don’t react to insulin

This topic is about type 2 diabetes.

Read more about type 1 diabetes

Another type of diabetes, known as gestational diabetes, occurs in some pregnant women and tends to disappear after birth.

Obesity Low Physical Activity And Unhealthy Diet

Obesity is the strongest risk factor for T2DM and is associated with metabolic abnormalities resulting in IR . There exist an inverse linear relationship between BMI and the age at diagnosis of T2DM . The exact mechanisms by which obesity induces T2DM and IR remain to be elucidated however, numerous factors have shown a significant role in the development of this pathological process, which involves both cell-autonomous mechanisms and inter-organ communications.

A sedentary lifestyle is another risk factor for T2DM as shown by the Womens Health Study and in the Kuipio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, which showed a reduction of 34% and 56% reduction of developing T2DM in participants walking 23 h a week or at least 40 min a week, respectively . There are three primary benefits of physical activity on the delay of T2DM onset. First, the contraction of skeletal muscle cells induces an increase in blood flow into the muscle, enhancing glucose uptake from plasma . Second, physical activity reduces the notorious intra-abdominal fat, which is a known risk factor that promotes IR . Finally, moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to improve glucose uptake by 40% . Physical activity improves glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity but it can also improve or even reverse inflammation and oxidative stress, which are T2DM predisposing factors .

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Pollution Chemicals And Plastics

Type 2 diabetes has been one of the fastest growing conditions over the course of the last century and researchers have been looking at what other factors could be contributing to the steep rise in incidence.

In recent years, research has been published which indicates that pollution and other chemicals which we commonly face in our daily lives might increase the risks of type 2 diabetes.

Amongst the chemicals and pollutants that have been linked with diabetes are traffic pollution and a type of chemical, found in plastics and some make up products, called phthalates.

Read news on chemicals, pollutants and diabetes risk:

The Role Of Food In Diabetes Management

Is Type 2 Diabetes Reversible?

It is important to understand how food impacts blood glucose for children with diabetes.

Food causes blood glucose to go up. Insulin causes blood glucose to go down. Too much food with not enough insulin can cause blood glucose to go too high. Not enough food with too much insulin can cause blood glucose to go too low. Further, the type and amount of food will affect how much and how quickly the blood glucose goes up. Balancing food and insulin together can help keep blood glucose in a normal range.

Carbohydrates, also known as carbs, are an important source of energy. They are also the main nutrient the body turns into blood glucose, also known as blood sugar. Everyone needs to eat some carbohydrates to stay healthy. Common carbohydrate foods include: bread, crackers, cereal, pasta, rice, fruit, and milk.

  • Carbohydrates that are high in fiber such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables slow digestion and contribute to a feeling of fullness. High-fiber food can also reduce spikes in blood glucose after eating.
  • Processed carbohydrates that are low in fiber can raise blood sugars too high. Eating fewer process carbohydrates helps manage type 2 diabetes.

A dietitian can help determine the right amount of carbohydrates and types for your child.

A healthy diet can mean different things to different people. A dietitian is very important to help with meal planning and understanding the right balance of foods for your child.

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What Are The Treatments For Type 2 Diabetes

Treatment for type 2 diabetes involves managing your blood sugar levels. Many people are able to do this by living a healthy lifestyle. Some people may also need to take medicine.:

  • A healthy lifestyle includes following a healthy eating plan and getting regular physical activity. You need to learn how to balance what you eat and drink with physical activity and diabetes medicine, if you take any.
  • Medicines for diabetes include oral medicines, insulin, and other injectable medicines. Over time, some people will need to take more than one type of medicine to control their diabetes.
  • You will need to check your blood sugar regularly. Your health care provider will tell you how often you need to do it.
  • It’s also important to keep your blood pressure and cholesterol levels close to the targets your provider sets for you. Make sure to get your screening tests regularly.

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